Question 1

What is a solid oxide fuel cell?

Accepted Answer

An electrochemical device that converts fuel directly into electricity without burning it. Natural gas or hydrogen is reformed at the anode, oxygen ions travel through a ceramic electrolyte at roughly 700–850 °C, and the reaction produces electricity, water and heat. Because there is no combustion and no rotating machinery, the losses that limit an engine or a turbine simply do not apply in the same way.

Question 2

How efficient is SOFC power compared with a gas turbine?

Accepted Answer

Commercial solid oxide systems reach roughly 51–61% net electrical efficiency on natural gas, which beats a simple-cycle gas turbine at 35–42% and sits close to a large combined-cycle plant — but achieves it at tens of megawatts rather than hundreds. Capture the high-grade heat as well and total fuel efficiency exceeds 90%.

Question 3

Why choose fuel cells over turbines for an urban campus?

Accepted Answer

Air quality and noise are usually the binding constraints on an urban site, and those are precisely where fuel cells win. With no flame, NOx is near-zero rather than something to be scrubbed and permitted around, and there is no combustion roar to attenuate. Efficiency also holds at small scale, so a 20 MW installation is not penalised the way a 20 MW turbine would be.

Question 4

Is this locked into natural gas?

Accepted Answer

No, and that is much of the point. The same stack runs on natural gas today, on hydrogen when it is available, and on biogas where a supply exists — with no combustion hardware to replace, because there is none. The fuel decision stays open rather than being cast in steel for twenty-five years.

Question 5

What capacity does GRECO deploy?

Accepted Answer

Systems are modular, so capacity is built up from repeated units rather than sized around one large machine. That suits a campus that phases in load: you commission what the first tenant needs and add stacks as demand arrives, instead of running one oversized turbine at part load for years. Morrison Park is specified in the twenty-megawatt class.

Question 6

What happens to the heat?

Accepted Answer

It is sold. Solid oxide stacks run hot, so the recoverable heat is high grade — comfortably above the 50 °C that fourth-generation district energy needs. On a GRECO campus that heat goes through an Energy Transfer Station and into a neighbourhood energy utility or a grower next door, rather than into a cooling tower.

On-site power, sized to the site